![]() That is why their elimination from polluted soils has become urgent. Moreover, humans may also become exposed to PCDD/F by inhalation or dermal contact. Due to their persistence in the environment, they tend to contaminate the food chain, with accumulation in dairy food, meat, and fish, and then pose serious risks to human health. They are found in the environment, including air, water, and soil. PCDD/F composed of two aromatic rings linked via one (PCDF) or two atoms of oxygen (PCDD) and one to eight related chlorine atoms, are very stable and extremely hydrophobic halogenated chemicals. These PCDD/F are produced from different anthropogenic activities such as combustion, metal processing, and chemical manufacturing. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzo-furans (PCDF) are persistent chlorinated organic compounds, ranked among the priority environmental contaminants in the world. The current study demonstrated the usefulness of combining different types of amendments to improve phytoremediation efficacy of aged dioxins/furans-contaminated soils. ![]() Furthermore, concomitant cytotoxicity and dioxins/furans concentration decreases were pointed out in the phytoremediated soil. Amplicon sequencing using Illumina MiSeq analysis led to identification of several bacterial (Bacillaceae, Sphingomonadaceae) and fungal ( Chaetomium) groups known to be involved in dioxins/furans degradation. Our findings showed that the dioxins/furans dissipation resulted from the stimulation of soil microbial enzyme activities (fluorescein diacetate hydrolase and dehydrogenase) and the increase of bacterial abundance, richness, and diversity, as well as fungal diversity. The total dioxins/furans dissipation was estimated to 23%, which corresponds to 48 ng.kg −1 of soil, after six months of culture in the vegetated soil combined with the four amendments compared to the non-vegetated soil. Thus, phytoremediation of aged dioxins/furans-contaminated soil was carried out through microcosm experiments vegetated with alfalfa combined with different amendments: an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculum ( Funneliformis mosseae), a biosurfactant (rhamnolipids), a dioxins/furans degrading-bacterium ( Sphingomonas wittichii RW1), and native microbiota. However, little is known about its potential efficiency regarding polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans-contaminated soils. To restore and clean up polluted soils, aided phytoremediation was found to be an effective, eco-friendly, and feasible approach in the case of many organic pollutants. Amplicon sequencing using Illumina MiSeq analysis led to identification of several bacterial (Bacillaceae, Sphingomonadaceae) and fungal (Chaetomium) groups known to be involved in dioxins/furans degradation. The total dioxins/furans dissipation was estimated to 23%, which corresponds to 48 ng.kg-1 of soil, after six months of culture in the vegetated soil combined with the four amendments compared to the non-vegetated soil. Thus, phytoremediation of aged dioxins/furans-contaminated soil was carried out through microcosm experiments vegetated with alfalfa combined with different amendments: an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculum (Funneliformis mosseae), a biosurfactant (rhamnolipids), a dioxins/furans degrading-bacterium (Sphingomonas wittichii RW1), and native microbiota.
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